02 February 2023, Hesse, Marburg: A press spokeswoman points to a plasmid model at the Görzhausen I Biontech site. Photo: Sebastian Christoph Gollnow/dpa (Photo by Sebastian Christoph Gollnow/picture ...

For decades, the central dogma of molecular biology—DNA makes RNA, RNA makes protein, protein makes phenotype—was the guiding framework for understanding inheritance and disease. This model explained ...

Thousands of previously “invisible” microproteins—tiny chains of fewer than 100 amino acids—can profoundly change human biology when mutated. A fundamental discovery is overturning decades of ...

While the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the linear flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins (black lines), glycomics introduces a “3rd code of life”—glycans—that operates ...